Numerical Analysis of the Behaviour of Tooth Intrarradial Posts by the Finite Element Method

The aim of this work is to study the behaviour of a carbon/epoxi post housed in a canine tooth after endodontic treatment in order to support the typical loads present during mastication. The three-D basic design of the dental piece consisting of tooth + post was carried out with a three-dimensional parametric design program. We study the stresses and displacements of the different elements of the dental piece under normal load conditions, and present the results and conclusions.     

Luminescence and Electrical Properties of CdS Films Doped with Potassium and Sodium

CdS films, both pure and doped with the alkali metals Na and K, with Cl and without it, obtained by the aerosol pyrolysis method from thiourea coordination compounds at a temperature of 250 to 500°C are investigated. The photoluminescence spectra and the dependence of the luminescence intensity on the duration of exposure of samples to a high-power UV radiation have been obtained. The doping of samples results in a tenfold increase in the intensity of the luminescence band in the visible spectrum range (650–850 nm) as compared to pure samples of CdS. Upon irradiation of samples by high-power UV radiation for 1 h, no noticeable change in the intensity of luminescence of CdS films was observed. This is indicative of the stability of the films under study against the action of UV radiation. The luminescent properties of the films, obtained pyrolytically using thiourea coordination complexes, are determined by the synthesis conditions as well as by the chemical nature of the original substances. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 72, No. 4, pp. 509–513, July–August, 2005.     

船舶碰撞危险度模型的构建

运用模糊数学的综合评判理论,把会遇中目标船的DCPA、TCPA两船距离、相对方位、船速比5个因素作为基本评判参数,建立碰撞危险度的评价模型．而将其它因素,如航行区域状况、能见度情况和船舶的操纵性能等,作为对上述因素的危险隶属度函数的修正加以考虑．引入了船舶领域、动界等概念,以对来船构成的本船危险度进行客观有效地评价,为安全避碰提供合理依据．     

Cycle Range Distributions for Gaussian Processes Exact and Approximative Results

Wave cycles, i.e. pairs of local maxima and minima, play an important role in many engineering fields. Many cycle definitions are used for specific purposes, such as crest–trough cycles in wave studies in ocean engineering and rainflow cycles for fatigue life predicition in mechanical engineering. The simplest cycle, that of a pair of local maximum and the following local minimum is also of interest as a basis for the study of more complicated cycles. This paper presents and illustrates modern computational tools for the analysis of different cycle distributions for stationary Gaussian processes with general spectrum. It is shown that numerically exact but slow methods will produce distributions in almost complete agreement with simulated data, but also that approximate and quick methods work well in most cases. Of special interest is the dependence relation between the cycle average and the cycle range for the simple maximum–minimum cycle and its implication for the range distribution. It is observed that for a Gaussian process with rectangular box spectrum, these quantities are almost independent and that the range is not far from a Rayleigh distribution. It will also be shown that had there been a Gaussian process where exact independence hold then the range would have had an exact Rayleigh distribution. Unfortunately no such Gaussian process exists.This revised version was published online in March 2005 with corrections to the cover date.     

Self-healing slip pulses and the friction of gelatin gels

We present an extensive experimental study and scaling analysis of friction of gelatin gels on glass. At low driving velocities, sliding occurs via propagation of periodic self-healing slip pulses whose velocity is limited by collective diffusion of the gel network. Healing can be attributed to a frictional instability occurring at the slip velocity V = V _c. For V > V _c, sliding is homogeneous and friction is ruled by the shear-thinning rheology of an interfacial layer of thickness of order the (nanometric) mesh size, containing a solution of polymer chain ends hanging from the network. In spite of its high degree of confinement, the rheology of this system does not differ qualitatively from known bulk ones. The observed ageing of the static friction threshold reveals the slow increase of adhesive bonding between chain ends and glass. Such structural ageing is compatible with the existence of a velocity-weakening regime at velocities smaller than V _c, hence with the existence of the healing instability. Received: 7 March 2003 / Accepted: 2 May 2003 / Published online: 11 June 2003 RID="b" ID="b"e-mail: ronsin@gps.jussieu.fr     

响应面方法计算HTR-10余热排出系统物理过程的失效概率

在核电站安全研究中，概率安全评价方法已经得到了广泛的应用.但是对于采用非能动设计的核电站系统，其可靠性分析的研究还处于初级阶段.非能动系统的失效不但要考虑常规可靠性分析中考虑的设备失效，还要考虑物理过程的失效.物理过程失效概率的计算方法和能动系统可靠性分析方法完全不同.本文给出物理过程失效的数学描述，介绍了一次二阶矩法、响应面方法，并且应用响应面方法计算了清华大学核能技术设计研究院10MW高温气冷实验堆(HTR-10)余热排出系统失效概率的近似值. 关键词： 概率安全评价 非能动系统 可靠性 响应面     

存储器用铁电薄膜及电极材料的研究

铁电体独特的自发电极化双稳性质和非线性光学性质使其在光电子器件中得到广泛应用．为了实现器件的小型化和与微电子、光电子工艺兼容，铁电薄膜已成为一个研究热点．自发电极化的大小和取向以及外电场、缺陷和铁电薄膜／电极界面与自发电极化的交互作用决定了铁电薄膜的性质和服役行为．文章以铁电存储器和光电子器件应用为背景，选择了具有重大应用前景的Bi4-xLaxTi3O12（BLT）、SrBi2Ta2O9（SBT）、PbZrxTi1-xO3（PET）和LiNbO3（LN）铁电薄膜以及相关的La（Sr，Co）O3（LSCO）和LaNiO3（LNO）等电极材料为研究对象，研究了缺陷电荷和电畴的交互作用和它们在交变外电场中的动力学行为，探明了铁电薄膜疲劳现象的物理本质；从晶格结构与缺陷的观察研究入手，探索了材料铁电性质的起源和优化材料铁电性质的途径；从铁电薄膜／电极界面结构与性质的研究入手，寻找更有效、更稳定的电极材料与结构，从而为器件应用打下了基础；在研究外电场对铁电薄膜生长机制影响的基础上，找到了利用外电场调控铁电薄膜结构的新途径，发展了新的、与半导体器件和光电子器件工艺兼容的制膜方法．     

高亮度白光LED用外延片的新进展

文章首先介绍了发光二极管（LED）的内量子效率、外量子效率的基本概念和提高量子效率的基本方法，接着对LED外延的结构和方法做了简要介绍．文章的第三和第四部分则着重介绍了提高内、外量子效率的外延方法，这些方法包括外延结构的优化，侧向外延生长，SiC和GaN衬底的生长，AIInGaN四元系有源区生长，非极性面、半极性面的外延，表面粗化结构生长，图形化二次外延结构．图形化蓝宝石衬底上的外延，提高载流子注入效率的结构和组分设计．文章的第五部分则介绍了基于可靠性和成本考虑的其他新型外延结构，第六部分介绍了提高LED可靠性的外延方法．最后得出结论：采用非极性面的GaN衬底，生长优化的LED结构，并结合光子晶体技术，可望取得突破性进展．     

Reliability analysis of stochastic structural system considering static strength, stiffness and fatigue

Multi-failures are possible to appear in the process of using the structural system, such as dead load failure, fatigue failure and stiffness failure. The expression of residual resistance is given based on the impact of random crack propagation in- duced by the fatigue load on the critical limit stress and section modulus in this paper. The failure modes of every element of the structural system are analyzed under dead and fatigue loads, and the influence of the correlation of failure modes on reliability of the element is considered. Failure mechanism and the correlation of failure modes under dead and fatigue loads are discussed, and the method of reli- ability analysis considering static strength, fatigue and stiffness is given. A nu- merical example is analyzed, which indicates that the failure probability is different for different use life and the influence of dead and fatigue loads on reliability of the structural system is different as well. This method of reliability analysis, in the pa- per, is better than the method only considering a single factor (or static strength, or fatigue, or stiffness, etc.) in the case of practical engineering.     

Strength measurements of silica optical fibers under severe environment

Optical fibers are key components in telecommunication technologies. Apart from optical specifications, optical fibers are expected to keep most of their physical properties for 10–20 years in current operating conditions. The reliability and the expected lifetime of optical links are closely related to action of the chemical environment on the silica network. However, the coating also contributes largely to the mechanical properties of the fibers.The aim of this work was to study the strength and the mechanical behavior of the silica optical fibers in an acid environment and with a permanent deformation. A container with ammonium bifluoride acid salt was plunged into hot water at different temperatures (55 and 75 °C). This emitted acid vapors which attacked the optical fibers for a period of 1–18 days. An aging study was performed on silica optical fibers with standard polyacrylate coating and with hermetic carbon coating. A dynamic two-point bending bench at different faceplate velocities (100, 200, 400 and 800 μm/s) was used. For comparison, the same dynamic measurements were also carried out on non-aged fibers.After acid vapor condensation, salt crystal deposits on the fibers were displayed using an electron scanning microscope. These crystals became visible to the naked eye from the seventh day.